What better way to kick off the new year than with a brand new kernel, fresh out of Kernel.org? Linus Torvalds released the 3.2 kernel on January 4th, with improvements in the Ext4 and Btrfs filesystems, thin provisioning features, a new architecture, and CPU bandwidth control.
Linux kernel 3.3 released with merged Android code
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"Google contributions were not Android-related, given there really wasn't much Android code in the first place (7,000 lines of code, much smaller than your serial port driver), and it was all merged a while ago," Greg Kroah-Hartman, who co-authored the report and is the maintainer of the Linux kernel's stable branch, told Ars. "Google's been doing work all over the kernel (networking, security, scheduler, cgroups), all good stuff."
The report is being released in conjunction with the start of the LinuxCon conference today in New Orleans. The overall pace of development has increased, with the community merging patches at the rate of 7.14 per hour, up from 6.71 per hour in the last report. The kernel now has almost 17 million lines of code, up nearly two million lines. The report did not rank contributors by lines of code.
Important features merged into the mainline kernel code since early 2012 include "full tickless operation [to lower power consumption], user namespaces, KVM and Xen virtualization for ARM, per-entity load tracking in the scheduler, user-space checkpoint/restart, 64-bit ARM architecture support, the F2FS flash-oriented filesystem, many networking improvements aimed at the latency and bufferbloat problems, two independent subsystems providing fast caching for block storage devices, and much more," the report said.
Microsoft, in 2009, submitted drivers for its Hyper-V virtualization platform to the Linux kernel. The project hit a bunch of delays, with Microsoft struggling to get its drivers out of the staging area and into the mainline kernel. In 2011, Microsoft became the fifth largest corporate contributor to Linux kernel version 3.0 as it attempted to clean up its code. Redmond's contributions have predictably dropped off now that the code is more stable.
Jai Luthra's objective was to update the out-of-tree and pretty much abandoned MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing) encoder for libavcodec and improve it to enable encoding to the TrueHD format. For the qualification period the encoder was updated such that it was usable and throughout the summer, successfully improved adding support for multi-channel audio and TrueHD encoding. Jai's code has been merged into the main repository now. While a few problems remain with respect to LFE channel and 32 bit sample handling, these are in the process of being fixed such that effort can be finally put in improving the encoder's speed and efficiency.
where armdroid-2.6.38 is the local branch name for your Reference kernel that you wish to merge with the Android kernel tree, and [android tree]/android-2.6.38 is the branch of the 2.6.38 Android Kernel at the remote repository. This returns the hash of the commit at which the two branches diverged. E.g.:
According to Kellermann, Google merged his bug fix with the Android kernel last month, just after it was fixed with the release of Linux kernel versions 5.16.11, 5.15.25, and 5.10.102. Having said that, we will probably need to wait a bit before OEMs start rolling out Android updates containing the fix. Google's in-house Pixel 6, for example, is still vulnerable, but power users can mitigate the flaw by installing an aftermarket patched custom kernel as a fallback option.
Few days ago we had covered the release story of the latest Linux kernel in town that is version 3.3, which comes with lots of goody goody features like merging of Android code etc.So if you are a developer and want to test whats new in the latest offering or a brave and adventures enthusiast who always prefer to walk over the bleeding edge, here is a short guide to upgrading your kernel to version 3.3 without complex compiling procedures.This guide will help you install Linux 3.3 Kernel under Ubuntu 12.04/11.10 or older.For Ubuntu (i386 / 32-bit):Open the terminal and run the following command$ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0_all.deb kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0_all.deb
$ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-headers-3.3.0-generic_i386.deb kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-headers-3.3.0-030300-generic_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_i386.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.3.0-generic_i386.deb
$ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-image-3.3.0-generic_i386.deb kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-image-3.3.0-030300-generic_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_i386.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.3.0-generic_i386.deb
For Ubuntu (amd64 / 64-bit) $ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0_all.deb kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0_all.deb
$ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-headers-3.3.0-generic_amd64.deb kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-headers-3.3.0-030300-generic_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.3.0-generic_amd64.deb
$ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-image-3.3.0-generic_amd64.deb kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-image-3.3.0-030300-generic_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.3.0-generic_amd64.deb
After you finish, reboot your system$ sudo reboot
To check updated Linux kernel $ uname -r
Output will show the upgraded version of the Linux Kernel.Warning: Please upgrade the kernel at your own risk because it may render your system unstable. Additionally, upgrading kernel may cause problems with some installed proprietary drivers of NVIDIA / ATI (AMD) graphics cards, broadcom wireless etc., so be cautious!
Notice here that for host arch we used arm-eabi instead ofarm-linux-androideabi, because arm-eabi is meant for buildingAndroid kernel. In general these two are slightly different. Thougharm-linux-androideabi may work, I have not verified it so I cannotgive any gurantees. Also, no need to run autogen.sh as it mayconfuse the build system and host system architectures.
In 1991, Torvalds, a Finnish student, released Linux to the world. Combined with GNU, Linux soon became a popular kernel and perhaps the most widely used operating system kernel. Articles of ours about Torvalds include the following.
CalyxOS test builds for the OnePlus 8T, 9 and 9 Pro have been shipping with the Android 11 firmware, since at the time the work to update custom ROMs to be based on that was still work in progress for some models, and for others full kernel source code was not available until recently.
The Visual Profiler analysis system now includes a side-by-side source and disassembly view annotated with instruction execution counts, inactive thread counts, and predicated instruction counts. This new view enables you to find hotspots and inefficient code sequences within your kernels.
The Radeon driver in the Linux kernel now offers interfaces for interacting with the Unified Video Decoder (UVD) on Radeon HD 4000 and later HD graphics cards. An open source UVD driver which uses this interface will be included in the next major revision to Mesa 3D (version 9.2 or 10.0). Multimedia players wishing to utilise the video acceleration features on Radeon chips communicate with the UVD driver via the VDPAU (video decode and presentation API for Unix), which was inaugurated by NVIDIA and also supports NVIDIA's proprietary graphics driver.
The radeonsi OpenGL driver in the next version of Mesa 3D should also support 2D tiling, which will improve graphics performance on supported Southern Island GPUs (Radeon HD 7750 and later). It relies on changes merged into Linux 3.10. The kernel now supports the graphics chip on the recently released Richland processor family, otherwise known as A4, A6, A8 and A10 series APUs. Linux can also now address Radeon Hainan GPUs (1, 2, 3, 4). Rumours have it that these will be the graphics cores on the Radeon HD 8850 and 8870 cards due for release in the next month.
Code merged last week to Mesa 23.1 by AMD ensures that a linear copy buffer is made on the display/scanout GPU when dealing with EGL contexts under Wayland or X11. This follows an optimization made last year to Mesa's GLX code within X.Org environments for enhancing the PRIME/multi-GPU support.
Intel engineers have been busy bringing up Meteor Lake support for Linux from the improved integrated graphics to other areas of this next-gen Core processor that will eventually succeed Raptor Lake. In addition to heavy and ongoing work with the i915 kernel graphics driver, the initial Meteor Lake support has been merged now for Mesa. 2ff7e9595c
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